Android與服務器端數據交互

作者: 東子哥來源: 博客園發布時間: 2011-04-24 21:43 閱讀: 49095 次推薦: 13 原文鏈接 [收藏]

　　上一節中我們通過http協議，采用HttpClient向服務器端action請求數據。當然調用服務器端方法獲取數據并不止這一種。WebService也可以為我們提供所需數據，那么什么是webService呢？，它是一種基于SAOP協議的遠程調用標準，通過webservice可以將不同操作系統平臺，不同語言，不同技術整合到一起。

　　我們在PC機器java客戶端中，需要一些庫，比如XFire,Axis2,CXF等等來支持訪問WebService，但是這些庫并不適合我們資源有限的android手機客戶端，做過JAVA ME的人都知道有KSOAP這個第三方的類庫，可以幫助我們獲取服務器端webService調用，當然KSOAP已經提供了基于android版本的jar包了，那么我們就開始吧：

　　首先下載KSOAP包：ksoap2-android-assembly-2.5.2-jar-with-dependencies.jar包

　　然后新建android項目：并把下載的KSOAP包放在android項目的lib目錄下：右鍵->build path->configure build path--選擇Libraries，如圖：

　　以下分為七個步驟來調用WebService方法：

　　第一：實例化SoapObject 對象，指定webService的命名空間（從相關WSDL文檔中可以查看命名空間），以及調用方法名稱。如：

//命名空間
private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//調用方法(獲得支持的城市)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";

//實例化SoapObject對象
SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);

第二步：假設方法有參數的話,設置調用方法參數：

request.addProperty("參數名稱","參數值");

　　第三步：設置SOAP請求信息(參數部分為SOAP協議版本號，與你要調用的webService中版本號一致)：

//獲得序列化的Envelope
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut=request;

　　第四步：注冊Envelope：

(new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);

　　第五步：構建傳輸對象，并指明WSDL文檔URL：

//請求URL
private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//Android傳輸對象
AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
transport.debug=true;

　　第六步：調用WebService(其中參數為1：命名空間+方法名稱，2：Envelope對象)：

transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);

　　第七步：解析返回數據：

if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString());
}
/**************
* 解析XML
* @param str
* @return
*/
private static List<String> parse(String str){
String temp;
List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
if(str!=null && str.length()>0){
int start=str.indexOf("string");
int end=str.lastIndexOf(";");
temp=str.substring(start, end-3);
String []test=temp.split(";");

for(int i=0;i<test.length;i++){
if(i==0){
temp=test[i].substring(7);
}else{
temp=test[i].substring(8);
}
int index=temp.indexOf(",");
list.add(temp.substring(0, index));
}
}
return list;
}

　　這樣就成功啦。那么現在我們就來測試下吧，這里有個地址提供webService天氣預報的服務的，我這里只提供獲取城市列表：

//命名空間
private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//請求URL
private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//調用方法(獲得支持的城市)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//調用城市的方法(需要帶參數)
private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
//調用省或者直轄市的方法(獲得支持的省份或直轄市)
private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";

　　然后你可以在瀏覽器中輸入地址（WSDL）：serviceURL,你會看到一些可供調用的方法：

　　我們選擇獲取國內外主要城市或者省份的方法吧：getSupportProvice,然后調用，你會發現瀏覽器返回給我們的是xml文檔：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <ArrayOfString xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
<string>直轄市</string>
<string>特別行政區</string>
<string>黑龍江</string>
<string>吉林</string>
<string>遼寧</string>
<string>內蒙古</string>
<string>河北</string>
<string>河南</string>
<string>山東</string>
<string>山西</string>
<string>江蘇</string>
<string>安徽</string>
<string>陜西</string>
<string>寧夏</string>
<string>甘肅</string>
<string>青海</string>
<string>湖北</string>
<string>湖南</string>
<string>浙江</string>
<string>江西</string>
<string>福建</string>
<string>貴州</string>
<string>四川</string>
<string>廣東</string>
<string>廣西</string>
<string>云南</string>
<string>海南</string>
<string>新疆</string>
<string>西藏</string>
<string>臺灣</string>
<string>亞洲</string>
<string>歐洲</string>
<string>非洲</string>
<string>北美洲</string>
<string>南美洲</string>
<string>大洋洲</string>
</ArrayOfString>

　　我們可以用 listview來顯示：

　　那么下面我將給出全部代碼：

public class WebServiceHelper {

//WSDL文檔中的命名空間
private static final String targetNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//WSDL文檔中的URL
private static final String WSDL="http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl";

//需要調用的方法名(獲得本天氣預報Web Services支持的洲、國內外省份和城市信息)
private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";
//需要調用的方法名(獲得本天氣預報Web Services支持的城市信息,根據省份查詢城市集合：帶參數)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//根據城市或地區名稱查詢獲得未來三天內天氣情況、現在的天氣實況、天氣和生活指數
private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";

/********
* 獲得州，國內外省份和城市信息
* @return
*/
public List<String> getProvince(){
List<String> provinces=new ArrayList<String>();
String str="";
SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportProvince);
//request.addProperty("參數", "參數值");調用的方法參數與參數值（根據具體需要可選可不選）

SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.dotNet=true;
envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);//envelope.bodyOut=request;

AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
//或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL);
try {

httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportProvince, envelope);
SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
//下面對結果進行解析，結構類似json對象
//str=(String) result.getProperty(6).toString();

int count=result.getPropertyCount();
for(int index=0;index<count;index++){
provinces.add(result.getProperty(index).toString());
}

} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return provinces;
}

/**********
* 根據省份或者直轄市獲取天氣預報所支持的城市集合
* @param province
* @return
*/
public List<String> getCitys(String province){
List<String> citys=new ArrayList<String>();
SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportCity);
soapObject.addProperty("byProvinceName", province);
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.dotNet=true;
envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);

AndroidHttpTransport httpTransport=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
try {
httpTransport.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportCity, envelope);
SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
int count=result.getPropertyCount();
for(int index=0;index<count;index++){
citys.add(result.getProperty(index).toString());
}

} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return citys;
}

/***************************
* 根據城市信息獲取天氣預報信息
* @param city
* @return
***************************/
public WeatherBean getWeatherByCity(String city){

WeatherBean bean=new WeatherBean();

SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getWeatherbyCityName);
soapObject.addProperty("theCityName",city);//調用的方法參數與參數值（根據具體需要可選可不選）

SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.dotNet=true;
envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);//envelope.bodyOut=request;

AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
//或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL);
try {
httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
//下面對結果進行解析，結構類似json對象
bean=parserWeather(result);

} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return bean;
}

/**
* 解析返回的結果
* @param soapObject
*/
protected WeatherBean parserWeather(SoapObject soapObject){
WeatherBean bean=new WeatherBean();

List<Map<String,Object>> list=new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();

Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();

//城市名
bean.setCityName(soapObject.getProperty(1).toString());
//城市簡介
bean.setCityDescription(soapObject.getProperty(soapObject.getPropertyCount()-1).toString());
//天氣實況+建議
bean.setLiveWeather(soapObject.getProperty(10).toString()+"\n"+soapObject.getProperty(11).toString());

//其他數據
//日期，
String date=soapObject.getProperty(6).toString();
//---------------------------------------------------
String weatherToday="今天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherToday+="\n天氣："+ date.split(" ")[1];
weatherToday+="\n氣溫："+soapObject.getProperty(5).toString();
weatherToday+="\n風力："+soapObject.getProperty(7).toString();
weatherToday+="\n";

List<Integer> icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();

icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(8).toString()));
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(9).toString()));

map.put("weatherDay", weatherToday);
map.put("icons",icons);
list.add(map);

//-------------------------------------------------
map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
date=soapObject.getProperty(13).toString();
String weatherTomorrow="明天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherTomorrow+="\n天氣："+ date.split(" ")[1];
weatherTomorrow+="\n氣溫："+soapObject.getProperty(12).toString();
weatherTomorrow+="\n風力："+soapObject.getProperty(14).toString();
weatherTomorrow+="\n";

icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();

icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(15).toString()));
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(16).toString()));

map.put("weatherDay", weatherTomorrow);
map.put("icons",icons);
list.add(map);
//--------------------------------------------------------------
map=new HashMap<String,Object>();

date=soapObject.getProperty(18).toString();
String weatherAfterTomorrow="后天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n天氣："+ date.split(" ")[1];
weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n氣溫："+soapObject.getProperty(17).toString();
weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n風力："+soapObject.getProperty(19).toString();
weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n";

icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(20).toString()));
icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(21).toString()));

map.put("weatherDay", weatherAfterTomorrow);
map.put("icons",icons);
list.add(map);
//--------------------------------------------------------------

bean.setList(list);
return bean;
}

//解析圖標字符串
private int parseIcon(String data){
// 0.gif，返回名稱0,
int resID=32;
String result=data.substring(0, data.length()-4).trim();
// String []icon=data.split(".");
// String result=icon[0].trim();
// Log.e("this is the icon", result.trim());

if(!result.equals("nothing")){
resID=Integer.parseInt(result.trim());
}
return resID;
//return ("a_"+data).split(".")[0];
}
}

　　以及幫助類：

public class WebServiceUtil {

//命名空間
private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//請求URL
private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//調用方法(獲得支持的城市)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//調用城市的方法(需要帶參數)
private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
//調用省或者直轄市的方法(獲得支持的省份或直轄市)
private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";

/*************
* @return城市列表
*************/
public static List<String> getCityList(){
//實例化SoapObject對象
SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);
//獲得序列化的Envelope
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut=request;
(new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
//Android傳輸對象
AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
transport.debug=true;

//調用
try {
transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString());
}

} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}

return null;
}

public static List<String> getProviceList(){
//實例化SoapObject對象
SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportProvince);
//獲得序列化的Envelope
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut=request;
(new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
//Android傳輸對象
AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
transport.debug=true;

//調用
try {
transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}

/*************
* @param cityName
* @return
*************/
public static String getWeather(String cityName){

return "";
}

/**************
* 解析XML
* @param str
* @return
*/
private static List<String> parse(String str){
String temp;
List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
if(str!=null && str.length()>0){
int start=str.indexOf("string");
int end=str.lastIndexOf(";");
temp=str.substring(start, end-3);
String []test=temp.split(";");

for(int i=0;i<test.length;i++){
if(i==0){
temp=test[i].substring(7);
}else{
temp=test[i].substring(8);
}
int index=temp.indexOf(",");
list.add(temp.substring(0, index));
}
}
return list;
}

/*********
* 獲取天氣
* @param soapObject
*/
private void parseWeather(SoapObject soapObject){
//String date=soapObject.getProperty(6);
}
}

　　以上就是我所作的查詢天氣預報的全部核心代碼了，讀者可以根據注釋以及本文章了解下具體實現，相信很快就搞明白了，運行結果如下：