Emit學習(3) - OpCodes - 動態添加屬性、構造函數、方法 - elvinle－IT工程師數位筆記本

文章出處

上一篇介紹了 IL 的部分, 基礎的部分, 暫時就介紹到那里了, 接下來要進入代碼編寫階段了.

今天的主題是在代碼運行的過程中, 去動態的創建類, 屬性, 方法.

來源:http://www.cnblogs.com/yingql/archive/2009/03/22/1419149.html

廢話不多說了, 直接上示例

一、示例

我這邊所用的示例跟來源中是一樣的,請看代碼:

public class Add
    {

        int numA = 0;
        public int NumA  {  get { return numA; }  set { numA = value; }  }

        int numB = 0;
        public int NumB  { get { return NumB; } set { NumB = value; } }

        public Add(int a, int b)
        {
            numA = a;
            numB = b;
        }

        public int Calc()
        {
            return numA + numB;
        }
    }

我們要動態的創建這么一個類, 先不給你們看編碼過程, 先給你們看結果吧, 先知道下, 這么做, 能大致得到一個什么結果.

運行代碼之后, 會在bin里面得到一個 Elvin.dll 文件, 把這個文件和 ConsoleApplication2.exe 一起拿去反編譯, 去看里面 Add 類的內容

比較下來, 原生的和動態生成的稍有不同, 里面的IL代碼也會有部分不同,這個是正常的, 雖然是參照著反編譯的代碼寫的, 但是只是參照, 不是完全相同的.

二、編碼

先看幾個主要的部分, 后面我會把完整的代碼貼出來

1. 字段

 private int numA;  --> .field private int32 numA

 var fieldABuilder = typeBldr.DefineField("numA", typeof(Int32), FieldAttributes.Private);
 //fieldABuilder.SetConstant(0); 此處為副初始值, 這里可省略

沒什么好解釋的, 一眼就能看懂, 至于這個 typeBldr 暫且不去管它

2. 屬性

//1.屬性 public int NumA { get{return numA;} set{numA = value;} }
            var propertyABuilder = typeBldr.DefineProperty("NumA", PropertyAttributes.None, 
                CallingConventions.HasThis, typeof(Int32), null);

            //2. 定義 get, set 方法
　　　　　　　　
            //2.1 get方法 代碼部分和上圖上的是有些不同的, 是參照著上圖這個來的
            var getPropertyABuilder = typeBldr.DefineMethod("get", MethodAttributes.Public | 
                MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, typeof(Int32), Type.EmptyTypes);
            //ILGenerator
            var getAIL = getPropertyABuilder.GetILGenerator();
            getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);   //this
            getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldABuilder); //numA
            getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); //return numA
　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　
            //2.2 set方法 代碼部分和上圖中是不一樣的, 是參照著上圖來的
            var setPropertyABuilder = typeBldr.DefineMethod("set", MethodAttributes.Public | 
                MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, typeof(void), new Type[] { typeof(Int32) });
            //ILGenerator
            var setAIL = setPropertyABuilder.GetILGenerator();
            //setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);   //這句可省略
            setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);  //this
            setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);  //value
            setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldABuilder); //numA = value;
            setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);   //return;

            //3.綁定get,set方法到屬性上
            propertyABuilder.SetGetMethod(getPropertyABuilder);
            propertyABuilder.SetSetMethod(setPropertyABuilder);

很多時候, 我們用的是匿名的屬性, 如: public int NumA{get;set;}, 這種情況, 會自動生成一個匿名私有變量來代替numA, 去與之匹配, 屬性的本質是方法, 并不能用來存儲數據

3. 構造函數

IL代碼:
.method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(int32 a, int32 b) cil managed
{
    .maxstack 8
    L_0000: ldarg.0 
    L_0001: ldc.i4.0 
    L_0002: stfld int32 ConsoleApplication2.Add::numA
    L_0007: ldarg.0 
    L_0008: ldc.i4.0 
    L_0009: stfld int32 ConsoleApplication2.Add::numB
    L_000e: ldarg.0 
    L_000f: call instance void [mscorlib]System.Object::.ctor()
    L_0014: nop 
    L_0015: nop 
    L_0016: ldarg.0 
    L_0017: ldarg.1 
    L_0018: stfld int32 ConsoleApplication2.Add::numA
    L_001d: ldarg.0 
    L_001e: ldarg.2 
    L_001f: stfld int32 ConsoleApplication2.Add::numB
    L_0024: nop 
    L_0025: ret 
}

　　//定義構造函數 ConstructorBuilder
            var constructorBuilder = typeBldr.DefineConstructor(MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, CallingConventions.HasThis, new Type[] { typeof(Int32), typeof(Int32) });
            var ctorIL = constructorBuilder.GetILGenerator();
            // numA = a;
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldABuilder);
            //NumB = b;
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_2);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldBBuilder);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

4. 方法

IL代碼:
.method public hidebysig instance int32 Calc() cil managed
{
    .maxstack 2
    .locals init (
        [0] int32 num)
    L_0000: nop 
    L_0001: ldarg.0 
    L_0002: ldfld int32 ConsoleApplication2.Add::numA
    L_0007: ldarg.0 
    L_0008: ldfld int32 ConsoleApplication2.Add::numB
    L_000d: add 
    L_000e: stloc.0 
    L_000f: br.s L_0011
    L_0011: ldloc.0 
    L_0012: ret 
}

             //8.定義方法 MethodBuilder
            var calcMethodBuilder = typeBldr.DefineMethod("Calc", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, typeof(Int32), Type.EmptyTypes);
            var calcIL = calcMethodBuilder.GetILGenerator();
            //加載私有字段numA
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldABuilder);
            //加載屬性NumB
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldBBuilder);
            //想加并返回棧頂的值
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Add);
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

5. 到這里, 主要的部分就介紹完了, 下面給出檢驗的部分:

  //9.結果
            Type type = typeBldr.CreateType();
            int a = 2;
            int b = 3;
            Object ob = Activator.CreateInstance(type, new object[] { a, b });
            Console.WriteLine("The Result of {0} + {1} is {2}", type.GetProperty("NumA").GetValue(ob), type.GetProperty("NumB").GetValue(ob), ob.GetType().GetMethod("Calc").Invoke(ob, null));

執行之后, 會輸出 "The Result of 2 + 3 is 5"

至此, 今天要介紹的部分就結束了, 我把自己學習的過程和結果貼出來, 供有興趣的童鞋瞄一下.

以下是完整的代碼

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //1.構建程序集
            var asmName = new AssemblyName("Elvinle");
            var asmBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(asmName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);

            //2.創建模塊 
            var mdlBldr = asmBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("Elvin", "Elvin.dll");

            //3.定義類, public class Add
            var typeBldr = mdlBldr.DefineType("Add", TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.BeforeFieldInit);

            //4. 定義屬性和字段
            //4.1字段 FieldBuilder
            var fieldABuilder = typeBldr.DefineField("numA", typeof(Int32), FieldAttributes.Private);
            //fieldABuilder.SetConstant(0); 此處為副初始值, 這里可省略

            var fieldBBuilder = typeBldr.DefineField("numB", typeof(Int32), FieldAttributes.Private);

            //4.2屬性 PropertyBuilder
            var propertyABuilder = typeBldr.DefineProperty("NumA", PropertyAttributes.None, CallingConventions.HasThis, typeof(Int32), null);

            var propertyBBuilder = typeBldr.DefineProperty("NumB", PropertyAttributes.None, CallingConventions.HasThis, typeof(Int32), null);

            //5.定義屬性numA的get;set;方法 MethodBuilder
            //5.1 get方法
            var getPropertyABuilder = typeBldr.DefineMethod("get", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, typeof(Int32), Type.EmptyTypes);
            //ILGenerator
            GetPropertyIL(getPropertyABuilder, fieldABuilder);
            //var getAIL = getPropertyABuilder.GetILGenerator();
            //getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);   //this
            //getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldABuilder); //numA
            //getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); //return numA

            //5.2 set方法
            var setPropertyABuilder = typeBldr.DefineMethod("set", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, typeof(void), new Type[] { typeof(Int32) });
            //ILGenerator
            SetPropertyIL(setPropertyABuilder, fieldABuilder);
            //var setAIL = setPropertyABuilder.GetILGenerator();
            ////setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);   //這句可省略
            //setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);  //this
            //setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);  //value
            //setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldABuilder); //numA = value;
            //setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);   //return;

            //5.3 綁定
            propertyABuilder.SetGetMethod(getPropertyABuilder);
            propertyABuilder.SetSetMethod(setPropertyABuilder);

            //6.定義屬性numA的get;set;方法 MethodBuilder
            var getPropertyBBuilder = typeBldr.DefineMethod("get", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, typeof(Int32), Type.EmptyTypes);
            GetPropertyIL(getPropertyBBuilder, fieldBBuilder);

            var setPropertyBBuilder = typeBldr.DefineMethod("set", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, typeof(void), new Type[] { typeof(Int32) });
            SetPropertyIL(setPropertyBBuilder, fieldBBuilder);

            propertyBBuilder.SetGetMethod(getPropertyBBuilder);
            propertyBBuilder.SetSetMethod(setPropertyBBuilder);

            //7.定義構造函數 ConstructorBuilder
            var constructorBuilder = typeBldr.DefineConstructor(MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, CallingConventions.HasThis, new Type[] { typeof(Int32), typeof(Int32) });
            var ctorIL = constructorBuilder.GetILGenerator();
            // numA = a;
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldABuilder);
            //NumB = b;
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_2);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldBBuilder);
            ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

            //8.定義方法 MethodBuilder
            var calcMethodBuilder = typeBldr.DefineMethod("Calc", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, typeof(Int32), Type.EmptyTypes);
            var calcIL = calcMethodBuilder.GetILGenerator();
            //加載私有字段numA
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldABuilder);
            //加載屬性NumB
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldBBuilder);
            //相加并返回棧頂的值
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Add);
            calcIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

            //9.結果
            Type type = typeBldr.CreateType();
            int a = 2;
            int b = 3;
            Object ob = Activator.CreateInstance(type, new object[] { a, b });
            Console.WriteLine("The Result of {0} + {1} is {2}", type.GetProperty("NumA").GetValue(ob), type.GetProperty("NumB").GetValue(ob), ob.GetType().GetMethod("Calc").Invoke(ob, null));

            asmBuilder.Save("Elvin.dll");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static void GetPropertyIL(MethodBuilder getPropertyBuilder, FieldBuilder fieldBuilder)
        {
            //ILGenerator
            var getAIL = getPropertyBuilder.GetILGenerator();
            getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);   //this
            getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldBuilder); //numA
            getAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); //return numA
        }

        private static void SetPropertyIL(MethodBuilder setPropertyBuilder, FieldBuilder fieldBuilder)
        {
            //ILGenerator
            var setAIL = setPropertyBuilder.GetILGenerator();
            //setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);   //這句可省略
            setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);  //this
            setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);  //value
            setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldBuilder); //numA = value;
            setAIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);   //return;
        }