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2015考研英語閱讀理解精讀P12—法學
類
In general，our society is becoming one of the giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small we1l-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages，well-ventilated factories and piped music，and by psychologists and“human relations”experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless，that he is bored with it.In fact，the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job，they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job，they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists，for whom testing is a big business，and by their superiors，who judge their behavior，sociability，capacity to get along，etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress，the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century“free enterprise”capitalism? Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of all love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end，and should be prevented from ruling man.
1.By“a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is____.
[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
[B] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society，though functioning smoothly
[C] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
[D] a humble component of the society，especially when working smoothly
2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that____.
[A] they are deprived of their individuality and independence
[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
[D] they are likely to lose their jobs
3.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those____.
[A]who are at the bottom of the society
[B]who are higher up in their social status
[C]who could keep far away from this competitive world
[D]who prove better than their fellow competitors
4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should____.
[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors
[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees
[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities
[D] take the fundamental realities for granted
5.The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of____.
[A]approval [B]tolerance
[C]suspicion [D]dissatisfaction
核心詞匯
ventilate Vt使通風 bore v.使厭煩 puppet，n.傀儡 tunen.曲調，調子
acquire vt獲得，學到 existence n.存在 mode n.方式，模式
難句點津
1.In general，our society is becoming one of the giant enterprises directed bv a bureaucratic lmanagement in which man becomes a small well—oiled cog in the machinery. [點津]句子的主干是Our societyisbecoming oneofthe giant enterprises，directedby之后的內容是修飾enterprises的定語，-g中which引導一個定語從句修飾enterprisesj
2.From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists，for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors，who judge their behavior，sociability,capacity to get along.etc. ‘
[點津]句子的主干是They are tested by the psychologists and by their superiors，其中psychologists 和superiors都帶有自己的定語從句。
譯文：
總的來說，我們的社會變成了一個官僚化管理的大型企業，其中的所有人都成了這臺機器中潤滑良好的小齒輪。高工資、通風良好的廠房和有線廣播的音樂用于潤滑，心理學家和“人際關系”專家也用于潤滑。然而所有這些潤滑油都沒能改變這一事實，即人類已經變得無能為力并厭倦了“潤滑油”。實際上，藍領和白領階層都變成了經濟傀儡，隨著自動化機器和官僚化管理的步調而起舞。
工人和雇員的焦慮不僅是由于他們可能會失業，還由于他們無法獲得生活的真正樂趣。終其一生，他們從未作為情感和理智上獨立的、富有創造性的人來面對生存的本質。那些處于社會高層的人同樣焦慮，他們的生活和那些社會地位低于他們的人同樣空洞，甚至在某些方面更缺乏安全感。他們處在異常激烈的競爭中。得到晉升還是落后于人，不是薪水的問題，更多的是自尊的問題。他們在申請第一份工作時，就接受了智商測試，以及對是否兼有適當的服從和獨立的素質所進行的考查。從那以后，他們不斷地被心理學家測試，對那些心理學家來說測試是一筆大生意;他們還不斷接受上司的測試，以評判他們的行為、社交能力、與
人相處的能力等。他們需要不斷地證明自己和同事一樣優秀，或比同事更優秀，這造成了持久的憂慮和壓力，而憂慮和壓力是苦惱和疾病的根源。 ’
我是在建議我們應該回到前工業社會的生產模式或19世紀“自由企業”的資本主義嗎?當然不是。回到逝去的時代永遠不能解決問題。我建議將社會體系由官僚化管理的工業制度轉換到人道主義的工業制度，前者以最大化的生產和消費為最終目的，而后者的社會目的則是人及其潛能(包括情感和理性的潛能)的全面發展。生產和消費只是實現該目的的手段，而不能讓它們統治人類。
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