在CentOS上編譯安裝MySQL 5.7.13步驟詳解 - doseoer－IT工程師數位筆記本

文章出處

MySQL 5.7主要特性

更好的性能
對于多核CPU、固態硬盤、鎖有著更好的優化，每秒100W QPS已不再是MySQL的追求，下個版本能否上200W QPS才是用戶更關心的。

更好的InnoDB存儲引擎
更為健壯的復制功能
復制帶來了數據完全不丟失的方案，傳統金融客戶也可以選擇使用。MySQL數據庫。此外，GTID在線平滑升級也變得可能。
更好的優化器
優化器代碼重構的意義將在這個版本及以后的版本中帶來巨大的改進，Oracle官方正在解決MySQL之前最大的難題。
原生JSON類型的支持
更好的地理信息服務支持
InnoDB原生支持地理位置類型，支持GeoJSON，GeoHash特性
新增sys庫
以后這會是DBA訪問最頻繁的庫MySQL 5.7

安裝準備

安裝依賴包

1	[root@snails ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake bison

下載相應源碼包

1 2	[root@snails ~]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.65.0/boost_1_65_0.tar.gz/ [root@snails ~]# wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz

也可以使用官方下載鏈接進行下載。

新建MySQL用戶和用戶組

1	[root@snails ~]# groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

預編譯

[root@snails ~]# tar -zxvf boost_1_65_0.tar.gz
[root@snails data]# md5sum mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz 
8fab75dbcafcd1374d07796bff88ae00  mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz
[root@snails ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz
[root@snails data]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@snails data]# cd mysql-5.7.19
[root@snails data]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DWITH_BOOST=../boost_1_65_0 \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DENABLE_DTRACE=0 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1

編譯安裝

1
2
3

[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`
#編譯很消耗系統資源，小內存可能編譯通不過make install
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# make install

設置啟動腳本，開機自啟動

[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# ls -lrt /usr/local/mysql
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# systemctl enable mysqld
mysqld.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on

配置文件

/etc/my.cnf，僅供參考 
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /dev/shm/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /dev/shm/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
#skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 300
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
log_error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
#lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
EOF

添加mysql的環境變量

1	[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# echo -e '\n\nexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH\n' >> /etc/profile && source /etc/profile

初始化數據庫

1	[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

注：

MySQL之前版本mysql_install_db是在mysql_basedir/script下

MySQL 5.7直接放在了mysql_install_db/bin目錄下。

“–initialize”已廢棄,生成一個隨機密碼(~/.mysql_secret)

“–initialize-insecure”不會生成密碼

“–datadir”目錄下不能有數據文件

啟動數據庫

[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2016-07-18 11:15:35 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 23927 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           ├─23940 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
           └─24776 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql-err...

7月 18 11:15:32 snails systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
7月 18 11:15:35 snails mysqld[23927]: Starting MySQL..[  OK  ]
7月 18 11:15:35 snails systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.

查看MySQL服務進程和端口

[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root     23940     1  0 11:15 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
mysql    24776 23940  0 11:15 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql-error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/dev/shm/mysql.sock --port=3306
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# netstat -tunpl | grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      24776/mysqld

設置數據庫root用戶密碼

　　MySQL和Oracle數據庫一樣，數據庫也默認自帶了一個 root 用戶（這個和當前Linux主機上的root用戶是完全不搭邊的），我們在設置好MySQL數據庫的安全配置后初始化root用戶的密碼。配制過程中，一路輸入 y 就行了。這里只說明下MySQL5.7.13版本中，用戶密碼策略分成低級 LOW 、中等 MEDIUM 和超強 STRONG 三種，推薦使用中等 MEDIUM 級別！

1	[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# mysql_secure_installation

常用操作

將MySQL數據庫的動態鏈接庫共享至系統鏈接庫

　　一般MySQL數據庫還會被類似于PHP等服務調用，所以我們需要將MySQL編譯后的lib庫文件添加至當前Linux主機鏈接庫 /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
下，這樣MySQL服務就可以被其它服務調用了。

 [root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# ldconfig |grep mysql
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# ldconfig
[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# ldconfig -v |grep mysql
ldconfig: 無法對 /libx32 進行 stat 操作: 沒有那個文件或目錄
ldconfig: 多次給出路徑“/usr/lib”
ldconfig: 多次給出路徑“/usr/lib64”
ldconfig: 無法對 /usr/libx32 進行 stat 操作: 沒有那個文件或目錄
/usr/lib64/mysql:
	libmysqlclient.so.18 -> libmysqlclient.so.18.0.0
/usr/local/mysql/lib:
	libmysqlclient.so.20 -> libmysqlclient.so.20.3.0

創建其它MySQL數據庫用戶

[root@snails mysql-5.7.19]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.13-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

mysql>CREATE DATABASE `tonnydb` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| tonnydb            |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on tonnydb.* to 'tonny@%' identified by 'Hi.Tonny@888';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye