文章出處

  在前面的文章里我多次提到zookeeper對于分布式系統開發的重要性,因此對zookeeper的學習是非常必要的。本篇博文主要是講解zookeeper的安裝和zookeeper的一些基本的應用,同時我還會教大家如何安裝偽分布式,偽分布式不能在windows下實現,只能在linux下實現,我的偽分布式是通過電腦的虛擬機完成了,好了,不廢話了,具體內容如下:

  首先我們要下載一個zookeeper,下載地址是:

  http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/zookeeper/

  一般我們會選擇一個stable版(穩定版)進行下載,我下載的版本是zookeeper-3.4.5。

  我筆記本的操作系統是windows7,windows操作系統可以作為zookeeper的開發平臺,但是不能作為zookeeper的生產平臺,首先我們在windows下安裝一個單機版的zookeeper。

  我們先解壓zookeeper的安裝包,解壓后的zookeeper安裝包我放置的路徑是:

  E:\zookeeper\zookeeper-3.4.5

  下圖是zookeeper的目錄結構:

  我們進入conf包,將zoo_sample.cfg文件復制一份,并將復制好的文件改名為zoo.cfg。打開新建的zoo.cfg文件,將里面的內容進行修改,修改后的文件內容如下:

#initLimit=10
#syncLimit=5
tickTime=2000
dataDir=E:/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/data
clientPort=2181

   下面我來解釋下配置文件里的各個參數:

  initLimit和syncLimit是針對集群的參數,在我后面講解偽分布式安裝時候我會再講解。

  tickTime:該參數用來定義心跳的間隔時間,zookeeper的客戶端和服務端之間也有和web開發里類似的session的概念,而zookeeper里最小的session過期時間就是tickTime的兩倍。

  dataDir:英文注釋可以翻譯為存儲在內存中的數據庫快照功能,我們可以看看運行后dataDir所指向的文件存儲了什么樣的數據,如下圖所示:

 

  看來dataDir里還存儲了日志信息,dataDir不能存放在命名為tmp的文件里。

  clientPort:是監聽客戶端連接的端口號。

  接下來我們要將zookeeper的安裝信息配置到windows的環境變量里,我們在“我的電腦”上點擊右鍵,選擇屬性,再點擊高級系統設置,點擊環境變量按鈕,在系統變量這一欄,點擊新建,添加:

變量名:ZOOKEEPER_HOME
變量值:E:\zookeeper\zookeeper-3.4.5

   還是在系統變量這一欄,找到path,點擊編輯path,在變量值里添加:% ZOOKEEPER_HOME %\bin; % ZOOKEEPER_HOME %\conf;

  Zookeeper使用java編寫的,因此安裝zookeeper之前一定要先安裝好jdk,并且jdk的版本要大于或等于1.6。

  這樣單機版的zookeeper就安裝好了,下面我們將運行zookeeper。

  首先我們打開windows的命令行工具,將文件夾轉到zookeeper安裝目錄的下的bin目錄,然后輸入zkServer命令,回車執行,那么zookeeper服務就啟動成功了。

  下面我們用客戶端連接zookeeper的服務端,我們再打開一個命令行工具,輸入命令:

zkCli -server localhost:2181

   下面是相關測試,如下圖所示:

  偽分布式的安裝,zookeeper和hadoop一樣也可以進行偽分布式的安裝,下面我就講解如何進行偽分布式安裝。

  我開始嘗試在windows下安裝偽分布式,但是沒有成功,最后是在linux操作系統下才安裝好偽分布式,我們首先下載好zookeeper的安裝程序,然后新建三個配置文件分別是:

zoo1.cfg:

# The number of milliseconds of each tick
tickTime=2000
# The number of ticks that the initial 
# synchronization phase can take
initLimit=10
# The number of ticks that can pass between 
# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement
syncLimit=5
# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
# do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just 
# example sakes.
dataDir=E:/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/d_1
# the port at which the clients will connect
clientPort=2181
#
# Be sure to read the maintenance section of the 
# administrator guide before turning on autopurge.
#
# http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance
#
# The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir
#autopurge.snapRetainCount=3
# Purge task interval in hours
# Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature
#autopurge.purgeInterval=1
dataLogDir=E:/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/log1_2
server.1=localhost:2887:3887
server.2=localhost:2888:3888
server.3=localhost:2889:3889

 zoo2.cfg:

# The number of milliseconds of each tick
tickTime=2000
# The number of ticks that the initial 
# synchronization phase can take
initLimit=10
# The number of ticks that can pass between 
# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement
syncLimit=5
# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
# do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just 
# example sakes.
dataDir=E:/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/d_2
# the port at which the clients will connect
clientPort=2182
#
# Be sure to read the maintenance section of the 
# administrator guide before turning on autopurge.
#
# http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance
#
# The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir
#autopurge.snapRetainCount=3
# Purge task interval in hours
# Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature
#autopurge.purgeInterval=1
dataLogDir=E:/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/logs_2
server.1=localhost:2887:3887
server.2=localhost:2888:3888
server.3=localhost:2889:3889

 zoo3.cfg:

# The number of milliseconds of each tick
tickTime=2000
# The number of ticks that the initial 
# synchronization phase can take
initLimit=10
# The number of ticks that can pass between 
# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement
syncLimit=5
# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
# do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just 
# example sakes.
dataDir=E:/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/d_3
# the port at which the clients will connect
clientPort=2183
#
# Be sure to read the maintenance section of the 
# administrator guide before turning on autopurge.
#
# http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance
#
# The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir
#autopurge.snapRetainCount=3
# Purge task interval in hours
# Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature
#autopurge.purgeInterval=1
dataLogDir=E:/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/logs_3
server.1=localhost:2887:3887
server.2=localhost:2888:3888
server.3=localhost:2889:3889

   這里我們把每個配置文件里的clientPort做了一定修改,讓每個文件之間的clientPort不一樣,dataDir屬性也做了同樣的調整,同時還添加了新配置內容,如下所示:

server.1=localhost:2887:3887
server.2=localhost:2888:3888
server.3=localhost:2889:3889

   這里localhost指的是組成zookeeper服務的機器IP的地址,2887是用于進行leader選舉的端口,3887是zookeeper集群里各個機器之間的通信接口。

  initLimit:是指follower連接并同步到leader的初始化連接,它是通過tickTime的倍數表示,例如我們上面的配置就是10倍的tickTime,當初始化連接時間超過設置的倍數時候則連接失敗。

  syncLimit:是指follower和leader之間發送消息時請求和應答的時間長度,如果follower在設置的時間范圍內不能喝leader通信,那么該follower將會被丟棄,它也是按tickTime的倍數進行設置的。

  dataLogDir:這個配置是指zookeeper運行的相關日志寫入的目錄,設定了配置,那么dataLog里日志的目錄將無效,專門的日志存放路徑,對zookeeper的性能和穩定性有好處。

  這里每一個配置文件都代表一個zookeeper服務器,下面我們啟動偽分布式的zookeeper集群。

  zkServer.sh start zoo1.cfg

  zkServer.sh start zoo2.cfg

  zkServer.sh start zoo3.cfg

 

   下面我寫一個java程序,該程序作為客戶端調用zookeeper的服務,代碼如下:

package cn.com.test;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;

public class zkClient {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		Watcher wh = new Watcher(){
			@Override
			public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
				System.out.println(event.toString());
			}
		};
		ZooKeeper zk = new ZooKeeper("localhost:2181",30000,wh);
		System.out.println("=========創建節點===========");
		zk.create("/sharpxiajun", "znode1".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
		System.err.println("=============查看節點是否安裝成功===============");
		System.out.println(new String(zk.getData("/sharpxiajun", false, null)));
		System.out.println("=========修改節點的數據==========");
		zk.setData("/sharpxiajun", "sharpxiajun130901".getBytes(), -1);
		System.out.println("========查看修改的節點是否成功=========");
		System.out.println(new String(zk.getData("/sharpxiajun", false, null)));
		System.out.println("=======刪除節點==========");
		zk.delete("/sharpxiajun", -1);
		System.out.println("==========查看節點是否被刪除============");
		System.out.println("節點狀態:" + zk.exists("/sharpxiajun", false));
		zk.close();
	}

}

   執行結果如下:

log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
=========創建節點===========
WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:None path:null
=============查看節點是否安裝成功===============
znode1
=========修改節點的數據==========
========查看修改的節點是否成功=========
sharpxiajun130901
=======刪除節點==========
==========查看節點是否被刪除============
節點狀態:null

   程序我今天不講解了,只是給大伙展示下使用zookeeper的方式,本文可能沒啥新穎的東西,但是本文是一個基礎,有了這個基礎我們才能真正操作zookeeper。

 

 

 

 

 


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