C#編程筆記(一)
前段時間,幫朋友用C#做了一個小玩意兒,在開發過程中,發現很多用的著的東西,在網上都沒有很好的解決方案,前前后后折騰了近一個月,總算是基本上完成了,在此整理下,權作以后再用到時復習之用。
這個東西有點像星座性格測試那種的,只不過是要C/S的,安裝到客戶端上,所以做起來限制比較多。首先要有數據錄入的功能,提供界面,用戶要能向其中錄入數據,比如星座測試一條一條的題目;然后要對每個題目,提出相應的反饋、建議;最后,錄入完成了,用戶還要能夠有個界面對指定的數據庫進行增刪改查:前面是錄入的功能。在用戶性格測試的時候,要有窗口完成答題,并在提交后,查看測試的結果,有打分,有整體評價,并且對于那些答得不合適的,還有一些建議。
接下來,我會按不同的模塊,說一說我是怎么做的。
(1)數據的存儲
由于沒有數據庫管理系統的支持,我選擇XML來保存數據。所以,這一模塊就是基本的XML的創建、添加、刪除。
(1.1)XML文件的新建
我做的這個玩意兒,用的XML的數據格式比較固定,所以,新建XML文件的時候,大的結構就寫死了,不希望,也不會發生改變:

2 this._xDoc = new XmlDocument();
3 this._xDoc.LoadXml(
4 "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"gb2312\" ?>" +
5 "<root>"+
6 "<Principles>" +
7 "</Principles>"+
8 "<Results>"+
9 "</Results>"+
10 "</root>"
11 );
12 try
13 {
14 this._xDoc.Save(fileName);
15 }
16 catch (Exception ex)
17 {
18 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
19 }
(1.2)向XML文件中的指定位置添加節點
這里要說的是,我要添加的節點的數據結構是<ID,Content,Suggestion>。再者,添加節點的時候,用在樹上直接找的辦法,比較笨,用xPath會好很多,可惜時間緊沒學明白……

2 {
3 XmlNode Term = this._xDoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Term", "");
4
5 XmlElement ID = this._xDoc.CreateElement("ID");
6 ID.InnerText = id;
7 Term.AppendChild(ID);
8
9 XmlElement Content = this._xDoc.CreateElement("Content");
10 Content.InnerText = content;
11 Term.AppendChild(Content);
12
13 XmlElement Suggestion = this._xDoc.CreateElement("Suggestion");
14 Suggestion.InnerText = suggestion;
15 Term.AppendChild(Suggestion);
16
17 this._xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0).AppendChild(Term);
18
19 try
20 {
21 this._xDoc.Save(this._fileName);
22 }
23 catch (Exception ex)
24 {
25 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
26 }
27 }
(1.3)從XML文件中刪除指定的節點
在應用中,我是在ListView中把XML的數據打出來,通過勾選CheckBox選定刪除的對象。

2 {
3 XmlDocument xDoc = new XmlDocument();
4 xDoc.Load(this._fileName);
5 foreach (ListViewItem lItem in Listview1.Items)
6 {
7 if (lItem.Checked == true)
8 {
9 //int index = Convert.ToInt32(lItem.SubItems[1].Text, 10);
10 foreach (XmlNode xNode in xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0).ChildNodes)
11 {
12 if (String.Compare(xNode.ChildNodes[0].InnerText, lItem.SubItems[1].Text) == 0)
13 {
14 xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0).RemoveChild(xNode);
15 }
16 }
17 Listview1.Items.Remove(lItem);
18 }
19 }
20 xDoc.Save(this._fileName);
21 Re_Load();
22 }
(2)動態界面生成
這個算是我在第一階段遇到的最大的一個問題。作為一個C#的菜鳥,習慣了拖拖拽拽弄出一個窗口界面,當被要求根據用戶輸入,動態生成界面的時候,直接歇菜了……
在網上找了很多,可惜很多都不適用,忘記后來是在哪里找到的答案,向那位記不起名兒的童鞋致敬了。
是這樣的,所謂的動態生成,就是把原來在Form.Designer.cs中代碼,搬到你自己的代碼中去。比如,你原來在Form.Designer.cs中有這樣的代碼

2 // button1
3 //
4 this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(57, 97);
5 this.button1.Name = "button1";
6 this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
7 this.button1.TabIndex = 0;
8 this.button1.Text = "button1";
9 this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
你可以寫到你自定義的Button2的Click事件中,這樣,在你點擊Button2后,就會在窗口上新加一個Button1出來

2 {
3 //
4 // button1
5 //
6 this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(57, 97);
7 this.button1.Name = "button1";
8 this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
9 this.button1.TabIndex = 0;
10 this.button1.Text = "button1";
11 this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
12 this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
13 this.ResumeLayout(false);
14 }
(2.1)說一說我自己做的那個東西,我設計如下:在Form中先放好一個大Panel,然后,根據用戶輸入,動態加入指定個數的組件Component。在每個Component里面,包含一個GroupBox,三個Label,三個TextBox,還有一些坐標的參數。
要說一下,竊以為,動態加入組件,最麻煩的就是算坐標。那么多的東西,你需要事先把每個組件的坐標位置和大小都算好了,然后,你才可以保證你按下“添加”之后,你的組件能按照你想要的方式,呈現在窗口上。所以我對應每一條要添加的數據項,構造了上面的一個Component,然后給每個Component設置索引值,只要得到索引值,那么,這個Component的位置也就確定了。
比較欣慰的是,這個組件的坐標是按相對位置計算的:你設置GroupBox的坐標時,你只要算好你在Panel中的位置就可以了,你不用管Panel在Form的哪里。同樣,你的Label,TextBox只要算好在一個200*50的GroupBox中的位置就可以了,剩下的你就不用管了。或許是以前沒有注意過這個問題,反正我覺得這一性質在我做的過程中,省了不少的事兒。
這就完了么?No,還有一個我開始都沒注意到的問題:最大化。對,你算的坐標是死的,當用戶點擊“最大化”按鈕后,你的界面就會面目全非,所以,這里又要加入一個新的東西:TableLayoutPanel。Yes,需要把前面的那些寫死的坐標,都放到這個TableLayoutPanel里面來,設置好每個組件的位置,這樣,在“最大化”之后,依然能夠保持良好的布局。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace app01_Generate
{
class Component
{
#region 成員變量定義
public static int OFFSET = 3;
public static int HEIGHT = 98;
private int _weight;
private int _index;
private GroupBox _gb;
private Label _lb1, _lb2, _lb3;
private TextBox _tb1, _tb2, _tb3;
private TableLayoutPanel _tlp;
#endregion
public Component(int index,int weight)
{
this._index = index;
this._weight = weight;
this._gb = new GroupBox();
this._gb.Location = new Point(3, OFFSET + this._index * HEIGHT);
this._gb.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(this._weight, 92);
this._gb.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
| System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this._tlp = new TableLayoutPanel();
this._tlp.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom)
| System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
| System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this._tlp.ColumnCount = 25;
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
this._tlp.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 20);
this._tlp.Name = "_tlp";
this._tlp.RowCount = 1;
this._tlp.RowStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.RowStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 100F));
this._tlp.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(this._weight - 12, 66);
this._lb1 = new Label();
this._lb1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this._lb1.AutoSize = true;
this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._lb1, 2);
this._lb1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("微軟雅黑", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this._lb1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 8 / 741), 0);
this._lb1.Name = "_lb1";
this._lb1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(47, 19);
this._lb1.Text = "ID";
this._lb2 = new Label();
this._lb2.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this._lb2.AutoSize = true;
this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._lb2, 2);
this._lb2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("微軟雅黑", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this._lb2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 124 / 741), 0);
this._lb2.Name = "_lb2";
this._lb2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(47, 38);
this._lb2.Text = "Content";
this._lb3 = new Label();
this._lb3.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this._lb3.AutoSize = true;
this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._lb3, 2);
this._lb3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("微軟雅黑", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this._lb3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 501 / 741), 0);
this._lb3.Name = "_lb3";
this._lb3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(47, 38);
this._lb3.Text = "Suggestion";
this._tb1 = new TextBox();
this._tb1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
| System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._tb1, 2);
this._tb1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("仿宋", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this._tb1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 61 / 741), 3);
this._tb1.Name = "_tb1";
this._tb1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(52, 29);
this._tb2 = new TextBox();
this._tb2.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
| System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._tb2, 11);
this._tb2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("仿宋", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this._tb2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 177 / 741), 3);
this._tb2.Multiline = true;
this._tb2.Name = "_tb2";
this._tb2.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
this._tb2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(313, 48);
this._tb3 = new TextBox();
this._tb3.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
| System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._tb3, 6);
this._tb3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("仿宋", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this._tb3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 554 / 741), 3);
this._tb3.Multiline = true;
this._tb3.Name = "_tb3";
this._tb3.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
this._tb3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(184, 48);
this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._lb1, 0, 0);
this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._tb1, 2, 0);
this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._lb2, 4, 0);
this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._lb3, 17, 0);
this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._tb3, 19, 0);
this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._tb2, 6, 0);
this._gb.Controls.Add(this._tlp);
}
public void addToPanel(ref Panel pnl)
{
pnl.Controls.Add(this._gb);
}
public void Clear()
{
this._tb1.Clear();
this._tb2.Clear();
this._tb3.Clear();
}
public string getID()
{
return this._tb1.Text.Trim();
}
public string getContent()
{
return this._tb2.Text.Trim();
}
public string getSuggestion()
{
return this._tb3.Text.Trim();
}
public bool Check()
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this._tb1.Text.Trim()) == false ||
string.IsNullOrEmpty(this._tb2.Text.Trim()) == false ||
string.IsNullOrEmpty(this._tb3.Text.Trim()) == false
)
return false;
else
return true;
}
public void Refresh(string id, string content, string suggestion)
{
this._tb1.Text = id;
this._tb2.Text = content;
this._tb3.Text = suggestion;
}
}
}
(3)ListView的使用
不得不說,ListView真是個不錯的東西,在顯示數據和處理的時候,非常的簡單實用。
(3.1)ListView顯示XML數據
原理很簡單,就是把XML中每個節點,填充到ListView的SubItem上。

2 {
3 this.Listview1.Columns.Clear();
4 this.Listview1.Items.Clear();
5 this.Listview1.Columns.Add(" ", 20, HorizontalAlignment.Left);
6 this.Listview1.Columns.Add("ID", 80, HorizontalAlignment.Left);
7 this.Listview1.Columns.Add("Content", (int)((this.Listview1.Width - 80) * 0.5), HorizontalAlignment.Left);
8 this.Listview1.Columns.Add("Suggestion", (int)((this.Listview1.Width - 80) * 0.3), HorizontalAlignment.Left);
9 this.Listview1.ListViewItemSorter = new ListViewItemComparer(1);
10
11 ListViewItem myItem = null;
12 XmlDocument xDoc = new XmlDocument();
13 xDoc.Load(this._fileName);
14 XmlNode root = xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0);
15
16 foreach (XmlNode xNode in root.ChildNodes)
17 {
18 myItem = new ListViewItem();
19 //myItem.SubItems.Add("");
20 myItem.SubItems.Add(xNode.ChildNodes[0].InnerText);
21 myItem.SubItems.Add(xNode.ChildNodes[1].InnerText);
22 myItem.SubItems.Add(xNode.ChildNodes[2].InnerText);
23 Listview1.Items.Add(myItem);
24 }
25
26 }
(3.2)ListView的排序
注意到,上面設置了ListView的排序規則"this.Listview1.ListViewItemSorter = new ListViewItemComparer(1);",意思是:用ListViewItemComparer的一個對象,按ListView的第一列數據進行排序,就是按照ID進行排序。我是這兒考慮的,在XML文件里面,你對子節點按照ID進行排序,又麻煩,而且意義不是很大,干脆在呈現數據的時候,排一次序,這樣看起來就非常齊整,不會因為用戶的增加刪除而亂序。

2 {
3 private int col;
4 public ListViewItemComparer()
5 {
6 col = 0;
7 }
8 public ListViewItemComparer(int column)
9 {
10 col = column;
11 }
12 public int Compare(object x, object y)
13 {
14 return Convert.ToInt32(((ListViewItem)x).SubItems[col].Text,10) - Convert.ToInt32(((ListViewItem)y).SubItems[col].Text,10);
15 }
16 }
(3.3)ListView的刪除
發現了ListView.CheckBoxes這個屬性,設置為true之后,在每條數據的前面加上了一個CheckBox,實用這個東西還完成數據項的刪除,同時映射后ListView綁定的XML文件數據刪除。

2 xDoc.Load(this._fileName);
3 foreach (ListViewItem lItem in Listview1.Items)
4 {
5 if (lItem.Checked == true)
6 {
7 //int index = Convert.ToInt32(lItem.SubItems[1].Text, 10);
8 foreach (XmlNode xNode in xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0).ChildNodes)
9 {
10 if (String.Compare(xNode.ChildNodes[0].InnerText, lItem.SubItems[1].Text) == 0)
11 {
12 xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0).RemoveChild(xNode);
13 }
14 }
15 Listview1.Items.Remove(lItem);
16 }
17 }
18 xDoc.Save(this._fileName);
19 Re_Load();
可能,這些操作用DataGridView比較好,不過,時間有點急,DataGridView的東西有比較多,實在是沒能吃下,用了下,比較吃力,還是暫時放棄了。