.NET:Entity Framework 筆記 - yjmyzz－IT工程師數位筆記本

文章出處

有二年沒關注EF，今天無意試了下發現跟主流的Hibernate等ORM框架越來越接近了，先看下Entity類的定義：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
namespace EFSample.Model
{

    [Table("T_ORDER")]
    public class Order
    {
        [Key]
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
        public int ID { set; get; }

        [StringLength(50)]
        [Column("CUSTOMER_NAME")]
        public String CustomerName { set; get; }

        [Column("AMOUNT")]
        public decimal Amount { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<OrderItem> OrderItems { set; get; }

    
    }
}

View Code

 1 using System;
 2 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 3 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 4 
 5 namespace EFSample.Model
 6 {
 7     [Table("T_ORDER_ITEM")]
 8     public class OrderItem
 9     {
10         [Key]
11         [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
12         public int ID { set; get; }
13 
14         [ForeignKey("Order")]
15         [Column("ORDER_ID")]
16         public int OrderID { set; get; }
17 
18         [StringLength(50)]
19         [Column("PRODUCT_NAME")]
20         public String ProductName { set; get; }
21 
22         [Column("PRICE")]
23         public Decimal Price { set; get; }
24 
25         [Column("QUANTITY")]
26         public int Quantity { set; get; }
27 
28         public virtual Order Order { set; get; }
29 
30        
31     }
32 }

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光看Attribute，已經跟Hibernate的Annotation很相似了。

配置文件：

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 2 <configuration>
 3   <configSections>    
 4     <section name="entityFramework"
 5        type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
 6   </configSections>
 7 
 8   <entityFramework>
 9     <contexts>
10       <context type="EFSample.DAL.OrderContext, EFSample" disableDatabaseInitialization="false">
11         <databaseInitializer type="EFSample.DAL.OrderInitializer, EFSample" />
12       </context>
13     </contexts>
14     <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
15       <parameters>
16         <parameter value="v11.0" />
17       </parameters>
18     </defaultConnectionFactory>
19     <providers>
20       <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
21     </providers>
22   </entityFramework>
23 
24   <startup>
25     <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1" />
26   </startup>
27 
28   <connectionStrings>
29     <!--連接字符串，使用SQLSERVER LocalDb-->
30     <add name="MyConn" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=OrderDatabase;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
31   </connectionStrings>
32   
33 </configuration>

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注：LocalDb在開發階段很方便，但是試用中有一個小問題，如果把生成的mdf物理文件刪除后，再次運行總是報錯(不知道是不是個別現象)，只能把Initial Catalog=OrderDatabase中的文件名改成其它名稱（比如：Catalog=OrderDb），才能正常運行。

此外，NuGet Package Manager工具搞得象java的maven一樣，可以自動聯機下載所需的依賴項，Tools->NuGet Package Manager

輸入

Install -Package EntityFramework

就能自動向project添加相關的dll引用

DbContext

 1 using EFSample.Model;
 2 using System.Data.Entity;
 3 using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions;
 4 
 5 namespace EFSample.DAL
 6 {
 7     public class OrderContext:DbContext
 8     {
 9         public OrderContext() : base("MyConn") { }
10 
11         public DbSet<Order> Orders { set; get; }
12 
13         public DbSet<OrderItem> OrderItems { set; get; }
14 
15         protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
16         {
17             modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
18         }
19     }
20 }

View Code

示例代碼：

 1 using EFSample.DAL;
 2 using EFSample.Model;
 3 using System;
 4 using System.Collections.Generic;
 5 using System.Linq;
 6 
 7 namespace EFSample
 8 {
 9     class Program
10     {
11         static void Main(string[] args)
12         {
13             using (var db = new OrderContext())
14             {
15               
16                 //直接執行Sql語句
17                 db.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from t_order");
18 
19                 var orders = new List<Order>(){            
20                     new Order{ CustomerName="jimmy.yang",Amount=200, OrderItems=new List<OrderItem>(){
21                         new OrderItem(){ Price=10, Quantity=20, ProductName="Mobile"}
22                     }},
23                     new Order{ CustomerName="楊俊明",Amount=300, OrderItems=new List<OrderItem>(){
24                         new OrderItem(){ Price=15, Quantity=20, ProductName="架構之美"}
25                     }}};
26 
27                 //批量添加記錄
28                 db.Orders.AddRange(orders);
29 
30                 //提交到db
31                 db.SaveChanges();                
32 
33                 //查詢
34                 var query = db.Orders.Where(c => c.CustomerName == "Jimmy.yang").AsQueryable();
35 
36                 //輸出Sql語句
37                 Console.WriteLine(query.ToString());
38 
39                 List<Order> orderEntities = query.ToList();
40 
41                 foreach (var order in orderEntities)
42                 {
43                     Console.WriteLine(String.Format("ID:{0}/CustomerName:{1}/Amount:{2}/ItemCount:{3}", order.ID, order.CustomerName, order.Amount,order.OrderItems.Count));
44                 }
45             }
46 
47             Console.WriteLine("ok!");
48             Console.Read();
49         }
50     }
51 }

View Code

輸出：

SELECT
[Extent1].[ID] AS [ID],
[Extent1].[CUSTOMER_NAME] AS [CUSTOMER_NAME],
[Extent1].[AMOUNT] AS [AMOUNT]
FROM [dbo].[T_ORDER] AS [Extent1]
WHERE N'Jimmy.yang' = [Extent1].[CUSTOMER_NAME]

ID:9/CustomerName:jimmy.yang/Amount:200/ItemCount:1
ok!

對Oracle的支持

MS默認并沒有提供EF對Oracle的支持，需要到Oracle官網下載 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/dotnet/downloads/index.html

下載比較慢，耐心等待，完成后，一路Next即可。

注意：tnsnames.ora文件的配置，一般在x:\app\client\Administrator\product\12.1.0\client_1\Network\Admin 目錄下，參考內容如下：

1 XE =
2   (DESCRIPTION =
3     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.187.128)(PORT = 1521))
4     (CONNECT_DATA =
5       (SERVER = DEDICATED)
6       (SERVICE_NAME = XE)
7     )
8   )

然后在vs中創建ADO.NET Entity Data Model時就能連接到Oracle db了，目前尚不支持Code-First，只能使用EF5，估計EF6要等明年才會正式發布
使用細節，可參考官網教程：http://www.oracle.com/webfolder/technetwork/tutorials/obe/db/dotnet/EntityFrameworkOBE/EntityFrameworkOBE.htm#t10

Sequence的處理：

Oracle中沒有自增主鍵，msdn和oracle建議用trigger+sequence來處理自增主鍵的問題，即：insert前寫個觸發器，檢測主鍵是否為空，如果為空，則將sequece.nextval賦值給它，參見：https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/th-TH/73453344-bbb9-4904-b77a-a9ba807dcfd2/oracle-e-entityframework?forum=mvcpt

示例代碼：

1 create sequence S_CD_TIPO minvalue 1 maxvalue 9999999 start with 1 increment by 1;
2 
3 create or replace trigger tp_procedimento_trigger  
4 before insert on tp_procedimento for each row 
5 begin 
6   if :new.cd_tipo is null then select s_cd_tipo.nextval into :new.cd_tipo from dual; 
7   endif; 
8 end;

但我個人并不喜歡這種做法，感覺對db有點“侵入”，我比較喜歡在c#代碼層掌控一切的感覺，如果大家跟我有一樣的癖好，可以這么干：

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Data;
 3 using System.Data.Entity;
 4 
 5 namespace EntityFrameworkTest
 6 {
 7     public static class SequenceHelper
 8     {
 9         public static int GetNextVal(this DbContext db,String sequenceName) {
10             if (db.Database.Connection.State != ConnectionState.Open) {
11                 db.Database.Connection.Open();
12             }
13             var cmd = db.Database.Connection.CreateCommand();
14             cmd.CommandText = String.Format("select {0}.nextval from dual", sequenceName);
15             cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
16 
17             int result = 0;
18             int.TryParse(cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString(),out result);
19 
20             return result;
21         }
22     }
23 }

對DbContext寫一個擴展方法，手動傳入Sequence名稱，然后在添加記錄時，這樣用：

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Linq;
 3 
 4 namespace EntityFrameworkTest
 5 {
 6     class Program
 7     {
 8         static void Main(string[] args)
 9         {
10             using (MyDbContext db = new MyDbContext())
11             {
12                 //insert
13                 T_BAS_AGENT newAgent = new T_BAS_AGENT();
14                 newAgent.AGENT = "XYZ";
15                 newAgent.CYEAR = 2014;
16                 newAgent.RECID = db.GetNextVal("SEQ_T_BAS_CARRIER");
17                 db.T_BAS_AGENT.Add(newAgent);
18                 db.SaveChanges();
19 
20                 //query
21                 var findAgent = db.T_BAS_AGENT.SingleOrDefault(c => c.RECID == newAgent.RECID);
22                 Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}/{1}/{2}", findAgent.RECID, findAgent.AGENT, findAgent.CYEAR));
23 
24             }
25 
26             Console.Read();
27         }
28     }
29 }