jenkins 入門教程(中) - yjmyzz－IT工程師數位筆記本

文章出處

接上回繼續，本文以我托管在bitbucket上的一個開源項目spring-boot-rest-framework做為演示，講解如何創建自動化部署。

一、創建item

點擊ok繼續，item的詳情頁面很長，我們分成一段段來講解，最上面這部分，除了名字要填寫外，其它全留空即可

然后是源代碼管理部分，這是一個git項目，先在Repository URL這里填寫上項目的git地址（即：紅字1的位置），bitbucket是需要用戶名密碼才能訪問的，所以Credentials這里要選擇相應的用戶名、密碼(即：紅字2的部分），紅字3的部分為git獲取的源代碼分支名稱，一般為master主分支，也可以改成自己希望的分支。

可能有同學會問，紅字1處的git地址怎么得到? 這個很簡單，bitbucket網站項目右上角里就有，見下圖：

另外，紅字2處對應的下拉框，首次進來時，應該是空的，可點擊右側的Add，添加用戶名，密碼，見下圖：

然后在Build的部分，點擊Add Build Step下拉框

本文中的這個項目是maven項目，所以我們選擇Invoke Maven3

然后輸入maven構建必要的參數，參考下圖：

然后保存，創建完成。

二、開始構建

保存后，系統會返回首頁，每個項目旁邊有一個小三角箭頭，選擇Build Now

稍等片刻，左側就會出現一個進度條，表示正在Building...

點擊這個進度條上的鏈接，會看到構建詳情

繼續點擊進度條前的#x的序號，會看到左側有一個Console Output

點擊output，可以實時看到構建過程中的所有輸出，內容大致如下：

SuccessConsole Output

Started by user 楊俊明
Building in workspace /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework
 > git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree # timeout=10
Fetching changes from the remote Git repository
 > git config remote.origin.url https://yangjunming@bitbucket.org/yangjunming/spring-boot-rest-framework.git # timeout=10
Fetching upstream changes from https://yangjunming@bitbucket.org/yangjunming/spring-boot-rest-framework.git
 > git --version # timeout=10
using .gitcredentials to set credentials
 > git config --local credential.username yangjunming@huijiame.com # timeout=10
 > git config --local credential.helper store --file=/var/folders/sk/2f7knc1518g57382y5s4zxsr0000gn/T/git8289517448278554241.credentials # timeout=10
 > git -c core.askpass=true fetch --tags --progress https://yangjunming@bitbucket.org/yangjunming/spring-boot-rest-framework.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
 > git config --local --remove-section credential # timeout=10
 > git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master^{commit} # timeout=10
 > git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/origin/master^{commit} # timeout=10
Checking out Revision b9f197e3214a6af98a5b039912cf062997593116 (refs/remotes/origin/master)
 > git config core.sparsecheckout # timeout=10
 > git checkout -f b9f197e3214a6af98a5b039912cf062997593116
 > git rev-list b9f197e3214a6af98a5b039912cf062997593116 # timeout=10
Jenkins Artifactory Plugin version: 2.4.7
Artifactory integration is disabled
[spring-boot-rest-framework] $ /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_51.jdK/Contents/Home/bin/java -classpath /Users/yjmyzz/app/apache-maven-3.3.3/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.5.2.jar -Dmaven.home=/Users/yjmyzz/app/apache-maven-3.3.3 -Dclassworlds.conf=/Users/yjmyzz/app/apache-maven-3.3.3/bin/m2.conf -Dmaven.multiModuleProjectDirectory=/Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework/pom.xml org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher -f pom.xml clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building spring-boot-rest-framework 1.0.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ spring-boot-rest-framework ---
[INFO] Deleting /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework/target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ spring-boot-rest-framework ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ spring-boot-rest-framework ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 20 source files to /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework/target/classes
[WARNING] /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework/src/main/java/spring/boot/rest/common/aop/ServiceMonitor.java: /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework/src/main/java/spring/boot/rest/common/aop/ServiceMonitor.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations.
[WARNING] /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework/src/main/java/spring/boot/rest/common/aop/ServiceMonitor.java: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ spring-boot-rest-framework ---
[INFO] Not copying test resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ spring-boot-rest-framework ---
[INFO] Not compiling test sources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.18.1:test (default-test) @ spring-boot-rest-framework ---
[INFO] Tests are skipped.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.5:jar (default-jar) @ spring-boot-rest-framework ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework/target/spring-boot-rest-framework-1.0.0.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.3.0.RELEASE:repackage (default) @ spring-boot-rest-framework ---
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.234 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-01-18T23:41:28+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 30M/273M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Build step 'Invoke Maven 3' changed build result to SUCCES
Finished: SUCCESS

從輸出內容可以看出構建的整個過程：先從git上拉取源碼，然后調用maven命令進行構建。只不過這一切是在UI界面完成的，以后項目的Build工作就可以交由運維甚至測試人員直接來做了，程序員只管提交代碼即可。

三、遠程分發

編譯成功只是第一步，接下來要將編譯后的文件打包上傳到遠程服務器，通常在上傳前會壓縮一下，即節省帶寬，也方便傳輸。

參考剛才添加maven參數的做法，再次點擊Add build step，只不過這次選擇Execute shell，即執行腳本，腳本內容如下：

即：進入工作目錄下的target目錄，然后將編譯后的jar包壓縮成.tar.gz包，大家可以參考圖中的命令自行調整。

接下來要上傳到遠程服務器，理論上講，應該繼續在上面的腳本里追加一行scp deploy.tar.gz user@remote_server:/remote_path之類的命令，大家可以嘗試一下，最后執行時多半會報沒有權限，原因是jenkins當前運行的賬號通常不是root賬號，權限不夠。更好的做法是利用scp插件，以證書方式連接到遠程服務器(具體配置請參考上節SSH相關的部分)，參考下圖：

在post-build actions下拉框里，選擇Publish articifacts to SCP Repository

然后參考下圖填寫相應參數

然后保存，再次build，觀察Console Output

...
Build step 'Invoke Maven 3' changed build result to SUCCESS
[spring-boot-rest-framework] $ /bin/bash -xe /var/folders/sk/2f7knc1518g57382y5s4zxsr0000gn/T/hudson5867298139164607521.sh
+ cd /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework
+ cd target
+ tar zcf deploy.tar.gz spring-boot-rest-framework-1.0.0.jar
[SCP] Connecting to deploy
[SCP] uploading file: '/opt/deploy/deploy.tar.gz'
Finished: SUCCESS

從輸出看，上傳文件已經ok

四、遠程應用重啟

最后就是遠程將上傳文件解壓，并啟動應用，我們可以事先寫一個shell腳本，放在服務器上(或者參考上一步的做法，用scp插件上傳到服務器)，腳本內容參考下面這樣：

#!/bin/bash
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/app/jdk1.8.0_65
echo ${JAVA_HOME}
dir_base=/opt/deploy
cd ${dir_base}
echo 'deploying...'
if [ -r 'deploy.tar.gz'  ];then
  tar -zxvf deploy.tar.gz
fi
rm -rf *.gz
rm -rf ${dir_base}/logs
jar_name='spring-boot-rest-framework-1.0.0.jar'
if [ $(pgrep -f ${jar_name} | wc -l) -gt 0 ]; then
  pkill -9 -f ${jar_name}
fi
echo ${dir_base}/${jar_name}
nohup ${JAVA_HOME}/bin/java -jar ${dir_base}/${jar_name} >/dev/null 2>&1 &
sleep 2
echo 'ok!'

這段腳本的大概意思是，先檢測指定目錄下有無deploy.tar.gz文件，有的話就解壓，本文中的項目是一個spring-boot的項目，解壓開后就是一個可獨立運行的jar包，然后先檢測當前進程中是否已經在運行，如果有，則先kill掉進程，最后用nohup以后臺方式運行jar包。假設該腳本文件名為deploy.sh，具備執行權限，我們可以在jenkins中通過插件遠程調用它，參考下圖的配置：
　　

最后build下，還是觀察console output的變化：

Build step 'Invoke Maven 3' changed build result to SUCCESS
[spring-boot-rest-framework] $ /bin/bash -xe /var/folders/sk/2f7knc1518g57382y5s4zxsr0000gn/T/hudson3712003549124736229.sh
+ cd /Users/yjmyzz/.jenkins/workspace/spring-boot-rest-framework
+ cd target
+ tar zcf deploy.tar.gz spring-boot-rest-framework-1.0.0.jar
[SCP] Connecting to deploy
[SCP] uploading file: '/opt/deploy/deploy.tar.gz'
SSH: Connecting from host [yangjunmingdeMacBook-Pro.local]
SSH: Connecting with configuration [deploy] ...
SSH: EXEC: STDOUT/STDERR from command [/opt/deploy/deploy.sh] ...
/opt/app/jdk1.8.0_65
deploying...
spring-boot-rest-framework-1.0.0.jar
tar: spring-boot-rest-framework-1.0.0.jar: time stamp 2016-01-20 22:52:15 is 143461.67416312 s in the future
/opt/deploy/spring-boot-rest-framework-1.0.0.jar
ok!
SSH: EXEC: completed after 2,230 ms
SSH: Disconnecting configuration [deploy] ...
SSH: Transferred 0 file(s)
Finished: SUCCESS

從第16行輸出的ok來看，遠程部署已經成功。　　

最后上一張圖，大致描述了整個流程：